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-
-
- 05/19/87
-
-
- A Discussion of Novell Netware
- with tips for this and that.
-
- Henry J. Franzoni III
-
- After installing a number of Novell networks I have
- decided to share a few of my discoveries. Some of these
- may help improve performance on your network. Some of this
- information is available from "Netwire", the Novell BBS on the
- Source BBS, and some of it is available in the two publications
- published by Novell, "LAN Evaluation Report 1986", and "LAN
- Operating System Report 1986", available for the asking.
-
- The last version of Netware that ran on all sorts of
- PC compatibles is Netware 86 version 4.61b. After this came
- Advanced Netware 86 version 1.02, and then Advanced Netware 286
- version 2.0a. The latter two need an IBM AT or very close clone
- as the file server since the protected mode of the 80286 chip
- is used by Advanced Netware. Advanced Netware 86 version 1.02
- is an orphan, avoid if possible. Advanced Netware 286 version 2.0a
- is the latest version, and is quite improved over earlier versions.
-
- Performance of a network is mostly dependant on two measures
- of speed, the actual processing speed of the terminals, and the
- speed of data being transferred on and off the network volumes.
- To provide some basis for comparison, the average speed of and
- IBM XT 10Mg hard disk transferring data is 44Kb/sec. The average
- speed of an IBM AT 20Mg hard disk is 120Kb/sec. Any application
- that reads and writes a lot to the disk, such as database or
- word processing, will have to pass through this I/O bottleneck.
-
- To measure this transfer rate, Novell provides "Perform.arc"
- on their Netwire service. I don't know if "Perform" is in the
- public domain or not, but registered Netwire users can get it for
- free. Perform allows one to read and write files on the network
- volume and gives results in Kb/sec. Different parameters can be
- altered. Records can be as small as 128 bytes or as large as
- 4096 bytes. The number of records read or written can be changed
- from 1 to at least 9000. The file can be a sequential file or an
- overlayed file. This can be important since reading an overlayed
- file will test the speed of the network and not the disk, since
- the overlayed file can easily fit in file server RAM.
-
- Novell publishes a series of results in the "LAN Evaluation
- 1986" that use Perform. The setting used is reading 100
- overlayed 4096 byte records. One can compare results with the
- chart on page 72 for a single station, or the chart on page 75
- for six stations simultaneously. The results on page 75 are obtained
- by adding together the results on each of the six terminals.
- Briefly, these are some results for a single station:
-
- SERVER TYPE
-
- Network 386 286A PC AT PC XT
- Type: 16Mgz 8Mgz 6Mgz 4.77Mgz
-
- Arcnet 70.67 64.41 44.40
- 3 Com Ethernet 173.16 174.93 144.40 77.52
- Gateway G-net 32.52 31.27 25.54
- Corvus Omninet 32.23 32.65 26.58
- Proteon Pronet 104.85 88.69 57.80
- IBM Token Ring 85.65 80.97 60.70
- AT&T Starlan 53.55 48.84 37.14
-
- The measurements are in Kb/sec. IBM AT's were used as terminals.
- An Etherlink Plus board was used on the file server and regular
- Etherlink boards in the terminals for the Etherlink measurement.
- This seems to be the best Etherlink configuration. Novell does
- not supply the drivers for using an Etherlink plus board in the
- terminals, only in the file server.
-
- The 286A is Novell's own file server hardware, the 286B results
- are very close to the 286A results.
-
- When a Deskpro 386 was used as a terminal as well as the file server
- with an Etherlink hookup, the speed was 208.33Kb/sec.
-
- When an IBM PC was used as the terminal with the Etherlink hookup,
- the speed was always 60Kb/sec., regardless of the file server used.
- This is about a 70% loss of performance with an AT file server.
-
- When an IBM PC was used as the terminal with the Gateway hookup,
- the speed was 25.15Kb/sec., which is a very small performance loss.
-
- Arcnet doesn't degrade much, but with a maximun throughput of
- 70.67Kb/sec. it isn't as fast as an AT hard disk.
-
- What does this mean? To me it means that one needs to use Etherlink
- cards if one would like performance equal or better than an IBM AT
- 20 mg hard disk. (120Kb/sec.) When six terminals are simultaneously
- reading files under Etherlink the performance slows to 68.35Kb/sec.
- when using an 8Mgz AT file server. Under Arcnet, the reading
- was 19.21Kb/sec. at each terminal. The IBM token ring network with
- only four stations dropped to 60.33Kb/sec. per station.
-
- The key difference for me between token passing networks (Arcnet,
- IBM Token Ring) and the contention networks (Ethernet, Proteon) is
- timing. If your network requires precise timing at each terminal,
- such as in some manufacturing control applications, only the token
- passing networks offer a way to do this. The contention networks
- share file server resources on a first come, first served basis,
- so it is possible that one terminal may hog the file server and not
- let others use it for a few moments. The token passing networks
- share file server resources equally regardless of network load.
-
- The performance can be altered with various software settings.
- The number of open files, size of blocks read and written, number
- of directory entries, and number of search drives all affect the
- overall network speed. Generally, I find that using the maximum
- block read/write size, (4096 bytes), and the minimum of everything
- else, (directory entries, open files, search drives), maximizes
- performance. Since Netware 286 uses the remaining server RAM for
- file caching, the following formula may be of help to determine
- file server memory usage:
-
- D=No. of directory entries on all volumes (files)
- F=No. of file handles (Open simultaneously)
- V=No. of Volumes
- U=No. of active users
- K=one Kilobyte (1024 bytes)
- M=Amount of memory left over for file caching
-
- M = 230K + 40D + 100F + 500V + 8KU
-
- Generally, the more memory available for file caching,
- the faster the overall network throughput.
-
- Here are some other random tips. Netwire usually has
- a few improved drivers for Netware. Lately I downloaded
- improved Etherlink drivers. Backup devices have to be
- connected to a terminal, not the file server. The drivers
- to connect a Bernoulli Box right to the file server are
- available for Netware 86 version 4.61b only, Advanced
- Netware 286 isn't supported yet according to the guy I spoke with.
-
- When buying cable such as RG 59 U (cable TV cable), remember
- that type RG 59 U/B is the military spec. cable of the same type
- and has additional shielding. Most vendors haven't heard of the
- military version of cable, but it works better if you can find it.
- I haven't been able to locate RG 58 U/B yet, just RG 58 U. This
- is used in some Ethernet Hookups.
-
- I hope this helps some of you out there.
-
- Henry J. Franzoni III
- 65 Nassau St. Apt. 10c
- New York, NY 10038-4507
- (212) 732-5473